Empress, national government the camp northwest region once was future right
The rear base of outside war.After 1935, gradually solve along with the unified problem of southwest each province, country
The domestic affairs mansion changes direction national defense center gradually southwest.Because Chongqing is southwest region's biggest industry and business industry city
City and economic center contact southwest each province closely and have an abundant manpower, material resources resources;Ground
The form is hazardous, three noodles wreath mountain, have extremely good natural natural cover, easily guard in the war difficult offend;And have west
South northwest two big international transportation lines in order to rely on, once the east the foreland is blockaded by enemy, ability still outward
The transportation contacts.Therefore, October 29, 1937 be placed in a disadvantageous form at China troops in the battlefield of Song Hu
Under power, Jiang Jie Shi announces talking of 《the country mansion moves Yu and fights the invading army prospect 》 on the national defense's summit talk,
Make sure to take Sichuan as the big rear of war against Japan, take Chongqing as a halting of national government ground.On November 16,
The tallest national defense meeting granted to move capital decision, December 1, the national government formally transacted in Chongqing.
Till December, 1938, Jiang Jie Shi the rate national government military committee the main organization arrive Chongqing, citizen
The government west moves work victory be over.Chongqing became the political center and military center of wartime China,cheap benefit makeup,
Become the wartime capital city of the name matches the reality.In May, 1939, Chongqing promotes for direct jurisdiction city in the administration hospital.
In September, 1940, the national government settles Chongqing as permanent temporary capital clearly, the political position of Chongqing is unprecedented to raise.
Because the national government moves capital Chongqing, a great deal of of work mineral the business enterprise also move Yu one after another.Along with move Yu work
The factory returns to work one after another, Chongqing is very quick and then was finished with soldier's work, machine, steel, coal, spins and weaves,
The industries, such as chemical engineering and electric power...etc. are the industrial system of corpus.The establishment that pluses newly arisen factory, Chongqing became
Wartime most and industrial scale of the most well-found and industrial category of industrial Chinese section is only one the biggest of comprehensive
Sex industrial base.In addition, finance, business, transportation and culture education in Chongqing and outward associate all
Got an unprecedented development, quickly became economic center, cultural center and rightness of wartime China
The diplomacy goes toward center.
The exaltation of strategic position makes the main target that Chongqing starts becoming Japan's Imperial Army to bomb. 19382
Month 18 days, the day machine bombs suburb in Chongqing for the very first time.On October 4, the day machine bombs downtown in Chongqing for the very first time.
12 beginning of the months, the Japan's Emperor releases 《mainland life No.241th order 》 , the order practices to Chinese hinterland
The strategy bombs.Combined to draw up a concrete implementation plan 《six navy central air accord 》 , emphasize
"Attackstone an enemy's strategy and government slightly axis", "catch, exterminate General and the tallest political organization",
"Resolute implementation strategy, government slightly the aviation fight, the setback enemy continues to battle of will"[6](p 59~60)
.Is pretty much obvious, the Japan's Imperial Army bomb the crime purpose of Chongqing, be want to falter fighting the invading army of Chinese government definitely
The heart destroys the rear base that China fights the invading army and forces national government in Chongqing to sit with crossed knees to surrender.After 1939,
The Japan's Imperial Army started the large-scale bombing to Chongqing.
Therefore, Chongqing greatly bombs since is the inevitable outcome that the Japanese doctrine adjustment invades policy to China,
It is also the inevitable reflection that the Japanese doctrine promotes to strategic position in Chongqing.
Two, the day machine bomb the loss that Chongqing results in
Japanese method west Si begins from February, 1938 to the big bombing of Chongqing and ends up August, 1943,
Main concentration's 3 years in 1939-1941 years. The Japan's Imperial Army concentrated to invade China army and navy
The main aviation troops has 60 days to inherit Yu machine to count more than 50, there are more than 30 days inheritting Yu machine to count over 90
Reaches to 175 for the most a days.Bombing not only throws down many explosions to play, but also still throws down each time
Many napalm bombs, the target keeps pointing densely populate and prosperous region.The bombing of day machine resulted in very miserably heavy
Of loss.
As for the machine in day bomb the loss circumstance that results in for Chongqing, jotting down of various cultural heritage has some discrepancies,
Is one book statistics according to 《Chongqing greatly bombs 》 , from 1938-1941 years of 4 the middle of the yearses, the day machine bombs to weigh
Celebrate 127 times, start out airplane 5940 sorties, throw to play about 15677, kill by explosion more than 9990 persons, deep-fried harm
10233 people destroy house to construct 8250 another 33300.[6](p 26) again according to 《air defense in Chongqing
Ambition 》a book incompletely statistics, in 5 and half years in time, the day machine bombs Chongqing 203 times and start out an airplane
9166 sorties, the hurl plays 17812 and kill by explosion deep-fried wound 24004 personnel, die 11148 people among them,
Severely wounded 12856 people(compare field big tunnel murder case dead and injured the number statistics a calculation according to the authorities) destroy,
Burning down house is 17452, 37182[7].(p 94)Remaining any, Chen Jian Lin according to relevant data Zong
The aggregate thinks that the war against Japan period day machine air attack Chongqing starts out airplane 9513 sorties 218 times on the whole,
The hurl plays 21593 and kills by explosion 11889 citizen and harms 14100 people and burn down house 17608, loss
The property is hard to count, the direct economic loss of the only downtown industrial and commercial circles namely amounts to USD 5,000,000[8].Sichuan
The provincial government statistics statistics fights the invading army the dead and injured number of machine bombing that the period Chongqing City suffers a day, Add up to
23126 people die 9218 people among them and wound 13908 people[9].(p 81~82)Is another according to 1942
The Chongqing air attack that opens on April 15 injures an exposition statistics, from 1938-1941 years and 4 the middle of the years, day
Machine air attack Chongqing reaches to 117 times and throws to play 22312 and kills by explosion 30136 citizen, deep-fried wound citizen 9141
Person[10].In these statistics data, the statistics concerning dying or injuring number disagrees a little bit greatly, from 20,000 people
Arrive about 40,000 people not to wait.Comprehensive everyone data to see, about 40,000 people it says have exaggerative, may be
Proceeded from the demand of publicity at that time.20,000 people it says according to statistic from the file data, but at that time of all
Account to exist because of various reason many lapse.Therefore, we think to die or injure 24,000 people it
The saying comparison can believe.But this dead and injured number in concerning big tunnel murder case of the dead and injured number is to press the authorities govern
Count a word to account to go into.In the big tunnel murder case exactly death and harm how much person, various data disagrees also very big.
The big tunnel suffocated 《big tunnel suffocated case reviewing report 》 that the murder case review board announced at that time and recognized
Settle a death toll 992 people and severely wounded hospitalize 151 people[9].(p 86~87)But Guo Wei Po at 《heavy
Celebrate close Li of big tunnel murder case to record 》think in one text" a night of die a tragic death because of suffocating citizen near myriad people
"[11].These two kinds of parlances all have worth company Que's place, compare field biggest big tunnel of capacity shortage ten thousand
Person dies a tragic death near myriad people to say to show to fasten to exaggerate.This case has something to do with antiair authorities' playing suddenly a job to guard, reviewing report
The number of announcement is have reservation.Is in a Yan of Red Cross according to the then police bureau chief Tang Yi in Chongqing
Will ascend to say, physically a little bit pure corpse and the number of times that truck luck walk judges from the citizen, death toll should
Count to 4000 people[1],benefit Cosmetics.(p 93~94)Therefore,benefit makeup, we think this murder case to physically die or injure number should
Should above 3000 people, the number that compares an authorities statistics several 2000 people are or so.Thus, the day machine bombs
The dead and injured number of Chongqing should be about 26,000 people.
Lose aspect, February, 1948 in the property, city hall in Chongqing reports toward indemnification committee in the administration hospital
The male private property of sending loses estimate in order to be close to 6,400,000,000 dollars(press a currency value to compute in 1937), among them privately owned Sun
Lose to take up above 99% of the total loss[7].(p 112, p 220)Can see from the bottom the form, loss
The circumstance didn't include the military and Qi business of national government.In fact, in addition to guard Chongqing of empty
Soldier and
Related articles:
没有评论:
发表评论